The Chesapeake Region
The London Company (later named Virginia Company) quickly began colonizing in America as soon as they could, which lead them to the Chesapeake region. At first, their colonizing attempts failed due to low economies in the poorly chosen areas already owned by the Indians (like Jamestown, VA). In those lands though, they managed to discover tobacco, which was an essential part of early American economy and made more English farmers interested (along with leading up to slave labor), but didn't fully work due to the fact that not many were interested in trading for it. The Virginia Company kept trying to get more people to colonize there in order to take advantage of America's lands, so they came up with a "headright" system that gave 100 acres of land to each colonist and 50 acres more for each person brought to America by them. Within time, the colonists (who mainly migrated for religious freedom) were able to spread throughout Virginia and other places around the Chesapeake region such as Maryland. Over there, they were able to learn new agricultural techniques with the help of the Indian and trade extensively with them. But most of their interaction with the Indians was through fights and wars due to the fact that the Indians wanted their lands back, leading to numerous deaths and the creation of new machinery.
Anne Hutchinson & The Puritans
In the time Anne Hutchinson lived in Massachusetts, she realized the fact that not all of the members of the clergy there were among the "elect", meaning that they had not gone through a conversion. This angered her, and made her argue about how those members had no right to be a part of the spiritual office in Massachusetts. She also made sure to provide women with active roles in religious affairs, which was unusual to the Puritan society at the time. The Puritans had a problem with this because she made people stop believing in the power of the clergy and the government over there. They quickly tried to banish her by accusing her of several things. Anne Hutchinson's doings lead to the beginning of women's rights in America.
Different Types of Colonies in America
1. Royal - Colonies established and directly ruled by Britain or wealthy upper class are royal colonies. The main goal of these colonies was to obtain commercialk success.
2. Proprietary - Permanent settlements that provided land and power are proprietary.
3. Chartered - Colonies in America that required a grant from the king in Britain are chartered. In these colonies, the king established the rules in which they were to be governed through the charter.
4. Self-governing - Colonies with an elective legislature in which politicians are able to make most of the decisions without refering to colonial power
Birth Rate Factors In The Colonies:
- intermarriage
- immigration
- cool climates
- clean water
- immunity to diseases
- reproduction
- about equal amounts of males and females
- better medical knowledge
- good environment
- no overpopulation
- fertile land
- surpluses
Death Rate Factors In The Colonies:
- too strict/bad government policies
- scarce food supply
- epidemics/ diseases
- unpredictable climates
- wars/ battles
- contaminated water
- surgery from dirty instruments
- unknown infections during childbirth
- ignorant/ inexperienced doctors
- tobacco smoking
- slave revolts
- limited resouces
- unhygenic
Social Mobility:
definition: to be able to change your status within a social heirarchy based on wealth, education, occupation, & other social facors
proprietors tried to have upwards social mobility by getting people to colonize in their lands and producing taxes for the colonists to pay to the proprietor
the English king and his government tried to control the colonies and their wealth with the Navigation Acts so that England could gain profits and have upwards social mobility
social mobility happens in America today : wealthy people are considered at the top of our social heirarchy and people frequently change their status to be higher or lower - usually to maintain a high status you need to work hard for it ; but in entertainment, statuses are based on the opinions of other people plus luck, skill, or talent
people are born into social mobility - they have the power to change whatever position they're in (in a social heirarchy)
Connecting Birth/Death Rates to Social Mobility: Birth rates increase social mobility because with more people they are able to establish a heirarchy where they can change their status. Also, some colonists came to America to make a profit, which would allow them to establish a heirarchy with social mobility where they would want to have higher statuses with more money. Death rates connect to social mobility because more deaths would allow less competition to obtain higher statuses. When there are more male death rates, it potentially gives females more power in society. But with less people, there aren't as many possibilities to change social statuses. The majority (which would most likely be the poorer people) would have more death rates while the rich minority of people would have lower death rates in terms to acsess of health care.
French and Indian War
Map Analysis p.111 :
North America, 1763 - after the French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War)
Britain gained French territories in America, making them now own the eastern half of North America while the Spanish still owns most of the western half
although Britain now owned most of the eastern half of America, their lands were still split with the Indians and Spanish setting in a large portion of it
the only part of America that the French owned now was St.Dominigue, which is now Haiti
Britain and France had been competing to take over America for several years, especially in the Ohio Valley where the first attacks of the French and Indian War were made. From 1754 to 1760 Britain and France (along with their Indian allies) had fought in a 3-part war ultimately leading up to a British win after the final seige of Quebec on September 13, 1759. Once the Treaty of Paris was signed to officially end the war, the effects of it had given Britain even more land in America. In fact, from that point on Britain had taken control of most of the eastern half of America while France could only bear to control half of an island, on what is now Haiti. Britain's lands were still split into sections reserved for non-colonial people to settle though (as stated in the Proclamation of 1763). Due to the high costs of war, Britain suffered great debts and taxed the colonies in order to support the war and its outcomes. Because of this, colonists became annoyed with Britain's ways of controlling them, which ultimately lead up to the beginnings of the American Revolution in which they would break free from Britain.
Declaration of Independence Wordle
The most important commonly used words found in the Declaration of Independence:
laws - the colonists were sick and tired of unfair British laws that were made to affect the colonies without their consent
states - Americans declared their independence from Britain and formed their own nation with states now instead of colonies
people - the Declaration of Independence came from the viewpoints of all the people in America who wanted to break free from Britain
government - the British government was too overbearing, making the colonists want to become independent of it and form their own government with ideas based on John Locke's theory
powers - the British government (king and Parliament) were believed by most colonists to have abused their powers
right - the colonists wrote the Declaration of Independence to show Britain that they deserved rights but those rights were being limited by the British government, so the colonies had to break free from it
Assumptions of Republicanism p.149
equality for white males - equal opportunities - meritocracy - Enlightenment ideas
people should earn success in social heirarchy
everyone should be independent property owners that had morals
everyone had to have same habits of personal living
political system with power to the people, not king - Representative Democracy
The assumptions listed above weren't thought of enough as a whole because the expectations were too high to achieve in a government in reality.They were bad assumptions because not everyone in the whole government can achieve all of them, especially with an inconsistent economy. The expectation of having everyone earn their success didn't even work because people had a natural tendency to be (or not to be) born into success.
Centralized Powers
schools should be decentralized
taxes? - centralized
wars + foreign affairs - centralized
expansion - centralized
individual rights/freedoms - decentalized, but should be centralized
healthcare - should be centralized, but isnt
debt leads to taxes, which is centralized
banks - more centralized
security - could be argued for both
handling disasters - centralized if it's a big problem
Unit 1 : Chapters 1-5
The Chesapeake Region
The London Company (later named Virginia Company) quickly began colonizing in America as soon as they could, which lead them to the Chesapeake region. At first, their colonizing attempts failed due to low economies in the poorly chosen areas already owned by the Indians (like Jamestown, VA). In those lands though, they managed to discover tobacco, which was an essential part of early American economy and made more English farmers interested (along with leading up to slave labor), but didn't fully work due to the fact that not many were interested in trading for it. The Virginia Company kept trying to get more people to colonize there in order to take advantage of America's lands, so they came up with a "headright" system that gave 100 acres of land to each colonist and 50 acres more for each person brought to America by them. Within time, the colonists (who mainly migrated for religious freedom) were able to spread throughout Virginia and other places around the Chesapeake region such as Maryland. Over there, they were able to learn new agricultural techniques with the help of the Indian and trade extensively with them. But most of their interaction with the Indians was through fights and wars due to the fact that the Indians wanted their lands back, leading to numerous deaths and the creation of new machinery.
Anne Hutchinson & The Puritans
In the time Anne Hutchinson lived in Massachusetts, she realized the fact that not all of the members of the clergy there were among the "elect", meaning that they had not gone through a conversion. This angered her, and made her argue about how those members had no right to be a part of the spiritual office in Massachusetts. She also made sure to provide women with active roles in religious affairs, which was unusual to the Puritan society at the time. The Puritans had a problem with this because she made people stop believing in the power of the clergy and the government over there. They quickly tried to banish her by accusing her of several things. Anne Hutchinson's doings lead to the beginning of women's rights in America.
Different Types of Colonies in America
1. Royal - Colonies established and directly ruled by Britain or wealthy upper class are royal colonies. The main goal of these colonies was to obtain commercialk success.
2. Proprietary - Permanent settlements that provided land and power are proprietary.
3. Chartered - Colonies in America that required a grant from the king in Britain are chartered. In these colonies, the king established the rules in which they were to be governed through the charter.
4. Self-governing - Colonies with an elective legislature in which politicians are able to make most of the decisions without refering to colonial power
Birth Rate Factors In The Colonies:
- intermarriage
- immigration
- cool climates
- clean water
- immunity to diseases
- reproduction
- about equal amounts of males and females
- better medical knowledge
- good environment
- no overpopulation
- fertile land
- surpluses
Death Rate Factors In The Colonies:
- too strict/bad government policies
- scarce food supply
- epidemics/ diseases
- unpredictable climates
- wars/ battles
- contaminated water
- surgery from dirty instruments
- unknown infections during childbirth
- ignorant/ inexperienced doctors
- tobacco smoking
- slave revolts
- limited resouces
- unhygenic
Social Mobility:
Connecting Birth/Death Rates to Social Mobility:
Birth rates increase social mobility because with more people they are able to establish a heirarchy where they can change their status. Also, some colonists came to America to make a profit, which would allow them to establish a heirarchy with social mobility where they would want to have higher statuses with more money. Death rates connect to social mobility because more deaths would allow less competition to obtain higher statuses. When there are more male death rates, it potentially gives females more power in society. But with less people, there aren't as many possibilities to change social statuses. The majority (which would most likely be the poorer people) would have more death rates while the rich minority of people would have lower death rates in terms to acsess of health care.
French and Indian War
Map Analysis p.111 :
Britain and France had been competing to take over America for several years, especially in the Ohio Valley where the first attacks of the French and Indian War were made. From 1754 to 1760 Britain and France (along with their Indian allies) had fought in a 3-part war ultimately leading up to a British win after the final seige of Quebec on September 13, 1759. Once the Treaty of Paris was signed to officially end the war, the effects of it had given Britain even more land in America. In fact, from that point on Britain had taken control of most of the eastern half of America while France could only bear to control half of an island, on what is now Haiti. Britain's lands were still split into sections reserved for non-colonial people to settle though (as stated in the Proclamation of 1763). Due to the high costs of war, Britain suffered great debts and taxed the colonies in order to support the war and its outcomes. Because of this, colonists became annoyed with Britain's ways of controlling them, which ultimately lead up to the beginnings of the American Revolution in which they would break free from Britain.
Declaration of Independence Wordle
The most important commonly used words found in the Declaration of Independence:
Assumptions of Republicanism p.149
The assumptions listed above weren't thought of enough as a whole because the expectations were too high to achieve in a government in reality.They were bad assumptions because not everyone in the whole government can achieve all of them, especially with an inconsistent economy. The expectation of having everyone earn their success didn't even work because people had a natural tendency to be (or not to be) born into success.
Centralized Powers